The melanin pigment determines the coloration of the eye. The appearance of eye color varies depending on the amount of melanin present in the iris.
Genetic Basis of Eye Color The most significant factor influencing eye color is genetics. Generally, brown eye color is dominant, while blue and green eye colors are inherited through recessive genes. However, due to genetic diversity, various shades and combinations may emerge.
Eye Colors and Their Characteristics
- Brown Eyes: The most common eye color, characterized by a high concentration of melanin. It absorbs more light, resulting in a darker appearance.
- Blue Eyes: Due to a lower melanin content, light scatters within the eye, creating a bluish appearance.
- Green Eyes: Contain a moderate amount of melanin and result from the combination of yellow and blue pigments.
- Hazel Eyes: A blend of brown and green. Depending on melanin density, shades of gold, green, and brown may be observed.
- Gray Eyes: Similar to blue eyes but appear gray due to differences in melanin concentration.
- Amber Eyes: A rare eye color that exhibits shades of yellow, gold, and copper.
Eye Color Changes and Their Causes Newborns typically have light-colored eyes, but as melanin levels increase, eye color may change. Additionally, aging or specific medical conditions can lead to alterations in eye color.
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ömer Faruk Yılmaz